Expertise

Circumcision

Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin that covers the head of the penis; it may be performed for cultural, religious or medical reasons.

Overview

Circumcision is a procedure commonly performed in childhood and can also be carried out in adulthood when needed. In addition to cultural and religious reasons, it may be recommended for certain medical conditions, such as a foreskin that cannot be pulled back (phimosis) or repeated infections.

Before the procedure, general health and the anatomy of the penis are assessed. In some situations, such as a buried penis or a urethral opening that is not in the usual position (hypospadias), circumcision may need to be postponed and planned differently.

When to seek a consultation

  • Planning circumcision for cultural or religious reasons
  • A foreskin that cannot be pulled back (phimosis)
  • Repeated inflammation or infection of the foreskin
  • A history of the foreskin becoming trapped behind the head of the penis (paraphimosis)
  • Questions about the anatomy of the penis before circumcision

Assessment

Before circumcision, an examination assesses the anatomy of the penis and urethral opening, the position of the testicles and general health. You will be asked about any bleeding tendency, medicines and allergies. If needed, blood tests may be requested and an anaesthetic assessment carried out.

Treatment options

Depending on age and circumstances, circumcision can be performed under local or general anaesthesia in suitable hospital conditions. Several surgical techniques exist; the suitable method is discussed after the examination.

Afterwards, detailed information is given on wound care, pain relief and the follow-up visit. Healing usually takes a few weeks, although this varies from person to person.

Benefits, limitations and risks

Although circumcision is a common procedure, like any operation it carries risks such as bleeding, infection, swelling and, rarely, cosmetic or functional problems. These risks are low when the procedure is performed in suitable conditions. Expectations, possible risks and aftercare should be discussed in detail beforehand.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best age for circumcision?

Circumcision can be performed at any age. The right timing is decided together, based on the child’s health, the family’s preference and the examination findings.

How long does recovery take after circumcision?

Healing usually takes a few weeks. This varies between people; following the aftercare advice helps recovery.

Can circumcision be performed in adulthood?

Yes. Circumcision can also be performed in adults, after an examination and general health assessment.